An evergreen tree, reaching 12 m (40 ft.), it has dark-green, rounded, oval leaves. Panicles of pinkish-green flowers are followed by the fleshy fruit, known as the cashew apple, each of which has a kidney-shaped nut suspended from its base, containing a white seed.
History and traditions
A native of South and Central America and the Caribbean islands, this well-known nut tree was introduced to India from Brazil by Portuguese colonists in the 16th century, who originally planted it to prevent soil erosion on hillsides in Goa.
Culinary
The nut, or kernel, is rich in minerals and is a high-protein food. Juice from the fruit is made into soft drinks and distilled to produce spirits.
Growth
Tender trees which need well-drained, sandy soil, periodic high rainfall and a minimum temperature of 18°C (64°F).
Uses
Medicinal
Bark and leaves are used in treating malaria, especially in parts of Africa. Oil from the nut shell has been applied externally for ringworm and ulcers and to remove corns and warts but its caustic action makes this a hazardous treatment.
Other
The outer shell of the nut produces a thick, tarry black oil used in engineering, and as a timber preservative to protect against insects.
