An alpine perennial with a creeping rootstock, it has a basal rosette of small, ovate, downy leaves and flowering stems growing to 30-60 cm (1-2 ft.). The daisy-like flowers are golden yellow and borne in midsummer.
History and traditions
Pier Andrea Mattioli, a household name in herbs in the 16th century, and physician at the Court of the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I, in Prague, rated arnica highly. It became fashionable when he wrote about it in his standard work, Commentarii, a version of which appeared in Venice in 1544. It was widely used in the folk medicine of other European countries, principally Germany and Austria, where it has remained an important medicinal herb to this day. Arnica was used by Native Americans to treat muscular injury and back pain.
Related species
A fulgens is a North American species said to be even more medically powerful.
Growth
It prefers a sandy soil, enriched with humus, and a sunny position. As an alpine plant it needs a cool climate, and does not thrive in wet, waterlogged soil grow arnica in containers or raised beds if necessary.
Uses
Medicinal
Recent research has established both the therapeutic value of this herb and its toxicity, it has a stimulating effect on the heart muscle and the circulatory system, but effects are rapid and correct doses crucial, with a high risk of overdose. It has antiseptic, anti-inflammatory properties when applied externally and is available as a pharmaceutical ointment for bruises. It is also used in homeopathy, for a range of conditions, including sprains, aching muscles, sore throats and sea sickness. In Germany it is widely available; in Britain it is legal only for external use and in the United States it is considered unsafe.
