A variable deciduous tree, growing to about 30m (99ft), it has pinnate leaves, with 7-9 ovate leaflets. Male catkins and female flowers are followed by dark green fruits, each containing a wrinkled brown nut.
History and traditions
The walnut tree has been valued since ancient Greek times for its medicinal properties and many uses. It was known to the Romans as a fertility symbol and Pliny was the first to give directions for making it into a dye for restoring grey hair to brown a use which lasted into the 20th century.
Growth
Walnut trees require deep, rich soil and a sunny position.
Parts used
Leaves, bark, fruit, oil.
Uses
Medicinal
Infusions of the leaves are taken internally as a digestive tonic and applied externally for cuts, grazes and skin disorders, such as eczema. Decoctions of the inner bark are used for constipation and of the outer nut rind for diarrhoea.
Culinary
The nuts are included in many dishes. Oil from the seeds is popular for salads, especially in France.
Cosmetic
An infusion of the nut rind is said to make a hair restorer.
