A spreading, hardy perennial, on a creeping rhizomatous rootstock, 60-90 cm (2-3 ft.) tall, it has bright-green, fleshy, ovate to elliptical leaves, and clusters of pale-pink flowers in mid- to late summer.
History and traditions
Soapwort is indigenous to Europe and the Middle East and has been used there for its cleansing properties for many centuries. Some authorities claim that it was even known to the Assyrians around the 8th century BC. The name Saponaria comes from sapo, the Latin for soap, and, because of the high saponin content, soapwort roots produce a foamy lather when mixed with water. In Syria it was used for washing woollens, in Switzerland for washing sheep before shearing, and the medieval fullers, who “finished” cloth, used soapwort in the process. The common name, bouncing Bet, is a reference to the activity of plump washerwomen. It had its medicinal uses too. A decoction of the roots was formerly used for a variety of ailments from rheumatism to syphilis. Soapwort has been used until very recently by museums and by the National Trust in Britain, as it was found to be more suitable for cleaning delicate old tapestries and fabrics than most modern detergents.
Habitat/distribution
Native to Europe, the Middle East and western Asia, naturalized in North America and widely grown in temperate regions. Found near streams and in wastelands, often as an escape from gardens.
Growth
Prefers moist, loamy soil, but tolerates most condition and can become invasive. The easiest method of propagation is by division of the runner in spring. It can be grown successfully from seed.
Parts used
Roots, leafy stems fresh or dried.
Uses
Medicinal
It is seldom used in herbal medicine today.
Cosmetic
An infusion or decoction of the roots and leafy stems makes shampoo the addition of eau-de-cologne improves the slightly unpleasant smell.
Household
Used for cleaning delicate fabrics.
