An annual semi-parasitic herb, 5-30 cm (2-12 in) in height, it attaches itself to the roots and stems of grasses, absorbing mineral substances from them. Leaves are rounded, toothed and small 1 cm (½ in) long and the tiny white flowers are double-lipped with yellow throats and dark-purple veins.
History and traditions
The botanical name of this plant comes from the Greek for gladness, presumably for the cheer experienced when an eye problem is resolved. It was unknown to the classical writers and first introduced as an “eye” herb by Hildegard of Binge, in her physical, compiled c. 1150. In the 16th century, Fuchs and Dodoes also promoted it as a specific for eye complaints. The Doctrine of Signatures had a considerable bearing on the matter, as the markings on the little white flower were supposed to resemble a bloodshot eye.
Growth
A wild plant that is difficult to cultivate because of its semi-parasitic habit. If propagation is to be attempted, seeds should be sown near to potential host grasses.
Parts used
Whole plant dried for use in infusions and herbal preparations.
Uses
Medicinal
A herb which reduces inflammation and is said to be helpful, taken as an infusion, for hay fever, allergic rhinitis, catarrh and sinusitis. For external use it is made into washes for sore, itchy eyes and conjunctivitis, or for skin irritations and eczema.
