A stately, deciduous tree, 30-40 m (98-130 ft.) in height, it has palmate leaves, sticky resinous buds and candelabras of white or pink-tinged flowers in spring. The spiny, globular, green fruit contains glossy reddish-brown seeds (conkers, also chestnuts).
History and traditions
This spectacular tree was introduced to Western Europe in the mid-16th century, when it was grown in Vienna from seeds brought from Istanbul by the botanist Clusius (Charles de L’Ecluse), although it does not seem to have been widely used for medicinal purposes until the late 19th century. The origins of the name are confused, but are all tied to the use of this tree as animal fodder. Hippocastanum is the Latin for “horse chestnut”, which the Romans supposedly fed to their livestock.
Growth
Propagate by seeds, sown in autumn. Often self-seeds and grows rapidly in any soil.
Uses
Medicinal
Contains coumarin glycosides and saponins (of which aescin is the most important) giving it astringent, anti-inflammatory properties. It strengthens arteries and veins and is used against heart attacks, strokes, thrombosis, varicose veins and haemorrhoids. The active principles are extracted for use in pharmaceutical preparations.
