A relic from prehistory, closely related to the vegetation which decayed to form modern coal seams, it is a perennial, which grows on a creeping rhizome to about 50 cm (20 in) in height. Brown stems, topped by cones, release spores and then wither, the method of reproduction of this plant being very similar to that of ferns. The mass of branched green stems, with black-toothed sheaths, are sterile.
History and traditions
The Latin generic name comes from equus, a horse, and seta, a bristle. In former times this strange-looking, bottle-brush plant was used to clean pewter vessels and scour wooden kitchen utensils the stems contain silica, which has a polishing action, as well as being a healing agent. In northern counties of England until the 19th century horsetail was commonly employed by milkmaids for cleaning out their pails. The Swedish botanist, Carl Linnaeus, claims that in his country it was eaten by both cattle and reindeer, though inclined to provoke diarrhoea. There are no records as to whether poor Romans, who were reputed to have eaten it (as a ubiquitous asparagus substitute), were similarly affected. Rich Romans, presumably, did not have to put it to the test. Culpeper lists many medicinal uses for horsetail, and declares that “it solders together the tops of green wounds and cures all ruptures in children”.
Growth
A hardy plant, it grows in most conditions, although it prefers moist soil and sun or partial shade. It is propagated by division, but is invasive and it would be wise to take this into account before introducing it into the garden.
Uses
Medicinal
It has astringent, diuretic properties and is said to be helpful for prostate problems, cystitis and urinary infections, but it can be an irritant and self-medication is not advised. It is also said to be beneficial, when applied externally, for hemorrhage’s and ruptured ligaments.
