A deciduous tree or shrub, up to 5 m (16 ft.) in height, it has smooth brown bark and obovate leaves. Clusters of fragrant, yellow flowers appear in late autumn to early winter.
History and traditions
Native American tribes used decoctions of the bark to reduce swellings and bruises. Colonists took note and it was listed in the United States Pharmacopoeia from 1860 onwards. It was also thought to have supernatural properties and the forked branches were used as divining rods in the search for water and gold.
Habitat/distribution
Native to North America, now widely cultivated in other countries as a garden ornamental.
Growth
A hardy shrub, it requires moderately fertile, moist but well-drained soil and a sunny or partially shady position. Propagation is from seed sown in containers in autumn.
Parts used
Twigs cut after flowering, to make the distilled extract. Bark used in tinctures and extracts. Leaves dried for use in powders, liquid extracts, and ointments.
Uses
Medicinal
Distilled witch hazel is available for external use on bruises and sprains. The tincture is much stronger and should be used only under the guidance of a qualified practitioner. Witch hazel extract is a constituent of proprietary hemorrhoid ointments and other pharmaceutical preparations.
