A large perennial, 2-2.4 m (6-8 ft.) tall, with a clump of long lance late leaves, growing from a fleshy rhizome. Flowers arise from the base of the plant, followed by pale-green capsules, which dry to a pale yellow, containing many small, pungent black seeds.
History and traditions
This pungent spice was known to the Greeks and Romans and mentioned by Theophrastus, Discords and other classical writers. It features in Chinese medical texts, dating from AD 270, and has long been used in Ayurvedic medicine as a treatment for impotency. Cardamom is a traditional ingredient of eastern aphrodisiacs and mentioned in this context in the Arabian Nights stories. Elettaria is taken from an Indian name for this plant, elaichi.
Related species
There are various species, including black cardamom, a taller plant with large, dark-brown seed capsules, containing small black seeds with a strong eucalyptus aroma.
Growth
It needs a minimum temperature of 18°C (64°F), well-drained, rich soil, partial shade, plenty of rain and high humidity. Propagated by seed or division of the rhizomes.
Uses
Medicinal
A warm, stimulating herb, it acts as a tonic and has antidepressant properties. It is also used as a digestive, and an infusion of the seeds is said to relieve hiccups. Seeds are chewed to freshen the breath.
Culinary
A major curry spice, the seeds are also used to flavor hot wine punches, sweet, milky rice puddings and egg custard.
Aromatic
The pleasant-smelling essential oil is used in perfumery and pharmaceutical products.
